building-services

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SKILL.md

Building Services for Architects

Section 1: HVAC Systems for Architects

Mechanical ventilation, heating, and cooling systems are the single largest consumer of building volume after the primary structure. The architect's HVAC decisions at concept stage — system type, plant room location, riser positions, ceiling void depth — are largely irreversible. This section equips architects to make informed selections and understand spatial consequences.

Space Allowances: Mechanical Plant as Percentage of GFA

Building Type Mechanical Plant (% of GFA) Notes
Commercial office (air-conditioned) 5-8% Higher end for prestige/lab-grade
Commercial office (mixed-mode) 3-5% Reduced mechanical plant
Hospital / healthcare 8-12% Extensive air handling, medical gases, redundancy
Hotel 5-7% Central plant + individual room FCUs
Residential (apartments) 2-4% Minimal central plant if individual systems
Retail (shopping centre) 4-6% Anchor tenants often have own plant
School / university 3-5% Varies with ventilation strategy
Laboratory 8-15% High air-change rates, fume cupboards, specialist extract
Data centre 25-40% Cooling-dominated; massive plant requirement
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