grad-fama-french
Fama-French Three-Factor Model
Overview
Fama and French (1993) extended CAPM by adding two factors — size (SMB) and value (HML) — to explain cross-sectional variation in stock returns that CAPM alone cannot capture. The model shows that small-cap and high book-to-market stocks earn systematic premiums.
When to Use
- Explaining why CAPM alpha is nonzero for certain portfolios
- Evaluating fund manager skill after controlling for factor exposures
- Constructing factor-tilted portfolios
- Academic research on asset pricing anomalies
When NOT to Use
- For fixed income or derivatives pricing (equity-focused factors)
- When factor data is unavailable for the market in question
- As a complete model — profitability and investment factors may also matter (five-factor)
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