P1 — Critical    (e.g., RCE, SQLi data extraction)
P2 — High        (e.g., stored XSS w/ auth bypass, IDOR critical data)
P3 — Medium      (e.g., reflected XSS, IDOR less-sensitive)
P4 — Low         (e.g., minor info disclosure)
P5 — Informational

Reference: https://bugcrowd.com/vulnerability-rating-taxonomy

When submitting, pick the most specific VRT category that fits — vague mapping triggers downgrade.

Bugcrowd report structure

The submission form has:

Title — see formula
VRT (Bug Type) — dropdown of categories
Severity — auto-filled from VRT, but you can adjust
Target — which in-scope asset
Description — main body (markdown supported)

The Description should contain:

## Summary
[1-2 sentences — the bug + its impact]

## Description
[3-5 sentences — affected feature, mechanism]

## Steps to Reproduce
1. ...
2. ...

## PoC
[Code, requests, screenshots]

## Impact
[Concrete impact statement]

## Suggested Fix
[Actionable]

Title formula (same as H1)

Format: <Severity tag>: <vuln class> in <endpoint> enables <impact>

# Good
P1 — SSRF in document import URL leading to AWS IAM credential disclosure
P2 — Stored XSS via SVG avatar enables full session theft of profile viewers
P3 — IDOR in GraphQL user query exposes email and phone of any user
P1 — Authentication bypass via alg=none JWT acceptance

# Avoid
XSS
Bug
Possible XSS

VRT category mapping (top examples)

Map each bug class to the BC VRT path:

Bug	VRT Path	Default Priority
RCE via SSTI / template injection	Server Security Misconfiguration > Server-Side Template Injection > Remote Code Execution	P1
RCE via deserialization	Server-Side Injection > Remote Code Execution	P1
SQL injection (data extraction)	Server-Side Injection > SQL Injection > Vulnerable	P1-P2
Stored XSS (high impact)	Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) > Stored	P2-P3
Reflected XSS	Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) > Reflected	P3-P4
DOM XSS	Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) > DOM	P3-P4
IDOR (critical data)	Broken Access Control > Insecure Direct Object Reference > Critical	P2
IDOR (moderate data)	Broken Access Control > IDOR > Moderate	P3
Auth bypass	Broken Authentication and Session Management > Auth Bypass	P1-P2
SSRF (internal access)	Server-Side Request Forgery > Internal	P2
SSRF (cloud metadata)	Server-Side Request Forgery > Internal > Cloud Metadata	P1
File upload RCE	Server Security Misconfiguration > Insecure File Upload > RCE	P1
Stored XSS via file upload	Server Security Misconfiguration > Insecure File Upload > XSS	P2
JWT alg=none	Broken Authentication > JWT > Algorithm None	P1
OAuth redirect_uri bypass	Insufficient Security Configurability > OAuth Misconfig	P1-P2
Account takeover	Sensitive Data Exposure > Account Takeover	P1
Subdomain takeover	Server Security Misconfiguration > Subdomain Takeover	P2-P3
Open redirect	Server Security Misconfiguration > Insecure URL Redirect > Open Redirect	P4-P5
HTTP smuggling	Server-Side Injection > HTTP Response Smuggling	P1-P2
Cache poisoning	Server Security Misconfiguration > Web Cache Poisoning	P2-P3
Prototype pollution (exploitable)	Server-Side Injection > Prototype Pollution	P2-P3
Mass assignment	Broken Access Control > Mass Assignment	P2-P3
Race condition (real $$$)	Broken Access Control > Race Condition	P2-P3
GraphQL introspection alone	Sensitive Data Exposure > GraphQL Introspection	P4-P5
GraphQL IDOR	Broken Access Control > Insecure Direct Object Reference	P2-P3

→ See https://bugcrowd.com/vulnerability-rating-taxonomy for the complete tree.

VRT cheat: P-ratings (typical bounty multiples)

P1 — Critical  ← $1k–25k+  (program-dependent)
P2 — High      ← $500–5k
P3 — Medium    ← $100–1k
P4 — Low       ← $50–250
P5 — Info      ← $0 or swag/kudos

The full report (production-grade example)

## Summary
The `/api/v3/import/url` endpoint is vulnerable to Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF). By supplying the AWS EC2 metadata endpoint URL, any authenticated user can retrieve IAM credentials for the EC2 role attached to the application's web servers, enabling full AWS account access.

## VRT
Server-Side Request Forgery > Internal > Cloud Metadata → P1 (Critical)

## Description
While reviewing the document import feature, I noticed it accepts any URL and fetches its content. The implementation does not validate the URL host. Sending `http://169.254.169.254/...` returns the EC2 metadata service responses, including IAM credentials. The IAM role attached (`web-prod-role`) has read/write access to S3 buckets containing user-uploaded PII.

## Steps to Reproduce

1. Log in as any user (signup is free)
2. Send the following request:
   ```http
   POST /api/v3/import/url HTTP/1.1
   Host: app.target.com
   Cookie: session=USER_SESSION
   Content-Type: application/json

   {"url": "http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/"}

Response:
```
web-prod-role
```

Now fetch credentials:

POST /api/v3/import/url HTTP/1.1
...

{"url": "http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/web-prod-role"}

Response contains:

{
  "AccessKeyId": "ASIA...",
  "SecretAccessKey": "...",
  "Token": "...",
  "Expiration": "2026-06-02T15:42:18Z"
}

Credentials verified via AWS CLI:

$ AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=ASIA... AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=... AWS_SESSION_TOKEN=... aws sts get-caller-identity
{
  "UserId": "AROA...",
  "Account": "123456789012",
  "Arn": "arn:aws:sts::123456789012:assumed-role/web-prod-role/i-..."
}

PoC

Attached:

screenshot-credential-extraction.png — the actual response with credentials (redacted)
aws-sts-output.png — verification of credential validity
repro.har — HAR file of the entire reproduction

Impact

AWS IAM credential disclosure for production EC2 role
The role web-prod-role has:
- Read/write to S3 bucket target-user-uploads (~50M files including PII)
- SQS read on target-jobs-queue
- RDS describe-instances (info disclosure)
Confirmed via enumerate-iam after extraction
Persistent: while credentials rotate, the SSRF allows re-fetching at any time
Potential to pivot to full AWS account access if the role can be chained / privilege escalated

Suggested Fix

Allowlist URL hosts — reject requests to RFC1918 ranges (10/8, 172.16/12, 192.168/16), 169.254/16, and localhost
Enforce IMDSv2 on EC2 instances (PUT-based token required)
Reduce IAM role permissions to least privilege (this role appears over-permitted)
Validate URL scheme — accept only https:// and only after host validation

Notes

All testing performed on my own test account
No third-party / real user data was accessed via the extracted credentials
Extracted credentials NOT used to access S3 contents beyond aws sts get-caller-identity
Available for verification or remediation discussion


## VRT-specific considerations

### Always map specifically

Bad: "Misc Server Security Misconfiguration"
Good: "Server-Side Request Forgery > Internal > Cloud Metadata"

Specific mapping = correct default priority = correct bounty.

### Justify VRT upgrade if needed

If you think the bug deserves higher than VRT default:

Severity Note

The default VRT priority for "OAuth Misconfiguration > Redirect URI Bypass" is P3, but in this implementation it enables one-click ATO of any user. I'm proposing P1 / Critical given:

Zero credentials required
Affects all 2M+ users
Full session token capture
Chained with the existing open redirect at /redirect?url= (no separate vuln)


### CVSS optional but useful

Bugcrowd accepts a CVSS vector in the report. Include it as additional evidence:

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N = 8.1 (High)


## Bugcrowd-specific etiquette

### "Researcher Comments"
Bugcrowd has a comments section beneath the report. Use it for:
- Clarifications when triage asks
- "I noticed X also has same issue, want me to submit separately?"
- Negotiation around VRT mapping

### Reasonable response time
Bugcrowd has SLAs published per program. Don't ping early.

### Crowd messaging
Don't share details outside the platform (Discord, Twitter) before disclosure.

### Disclosure
After fix + payout, you can request disclosure. Builds your portfolio.

## VRT references to memorize

The 20 most-common VRT categories you'll use:

Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) > Stored
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) > Reflected
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) > DOM
Server-Side Injection > SQL Injection
Server-Side Injection > Command Injection
Server-Side Injection > Code Injection
Server-Side Injection > XML External Entities
Server-Side Request Forgery > Internal
Server-Side Request Forgery > Internal > Cloud Metadata
Broken Access Control > Insecure Direct Object Reference
Broken Access Control > Privilege Escalation
Broken Access Control > Mass Assignment
Broken Authentication > Authentication Bypass
Broken Authentication > JWT > Algorithm None
Server Security Misconfiguration > Insecure File Upload
Server Security Misconfiguration > Subdomain Takeover
Server Security Misconfiguration > Web Cache Poisoning
Sensitive Data Exposure > Account Takeover
Insufficient Security Configurability > OAuth Misconfiguration
Cross-Site Request Forgery > Authenticated Action


## H1 vs Bugcrowd quick diff

| Aspect | H1 | BC |
|---|---|---|
| Severity model | CVSS 3.1 | VRT + P1-P5 |
| Categorization | CWE | VRT tree |
| Markdown | Yes | Yes |
| Bounty table | Per program | Per program (VRT-driven) |
| Triage style | Often faster | Tends to follow VRT defaults strictly |
| Disclosure | Researcher-initiated post-payout | Same |

The report content is the same. The category field is different — use VRT for BC.

## Cross-references

- `[[triage-validation]]` — run before this
- `[[hackerone-reporting]]` — H1 equivalent
- All vuln-class skills — back-reference impact

## Common pitfalls

1. **Wrong VRT mapping.** "Misc" category → P5 default → minimal bounty.
2. **No P1/P2 justification for high-impact bugs.** Argue the upgrade.
3. **Confusing VRT priority with CVSS.** They differ. Use both.
4. **Reporting same bug under multiple categories.** Pick one (the most-specific).
5. **Inflating to P1 when the bug is P2.** Reputation suffers.

## Bugcrowd reward tiers (illustrative — varies by program)

P1 Critical → often $1k–25k+, top programs $5k+ minimum P2 High → often $500–5k P3 Medium → often $150–1k P4 Low → often $50–250 P5 Info → $0 + kudos


Pick programs with strong P-rating bounty tables. Check before hunting.

## Bugcrowd-only features

- **Researcher leaderboard** — top hunters get exclusive private invites
- **VRT votes** — researchers can propose VRT updates
- **Bug Bash events** — sponsored events with bonus bounties
- **Crowd Control** for orgs — researchers don't see this but it's how triage queues work
- **Asset bonuses** — some programs add bonuses for hunting specific assets

## Quick markdown skeleton

```markdown
## Summary
[1-2 sentences — bug + impact]

## VRT
[Specific VRT path]
Suggested Priority: P[1-5] (Critical/High/Medium/Low/Info)

## Description
[Affected feature + root cause hypothesis]

## Steps to Reproduce
1. ...
2. ...
3. ...

## PoC
[code blocks, attachment list]

## Impact
[Concrete, business-grade]

## Suggested Fix
[Actionable]

## CVSS (Optional supplementary)
[CVSS vector]

## Notes
- Test accounts used; no real user data accessed
- Available for verification questions

bugcrowd-reporting

Bugcrowd Reporting

When to invoke

VRT primer