Use wrangler.jsonc: Prefer JSON config over TOML. Newer features are JSON-only.
Set compatibility_date: Use a recent date (within 30 days). Check compatibility dates
Generate types after config changes: Run wrangler types to update TypeScript bindings.
Local dev defaults to local storage: Bindings use local simulation unless remote: true.
Validate config before deploy: Run wrangler check to catch errors early.
Use environments for staging/prod: Define env.staging and env.production in config.

Quick Start: New Worker

# Initialize new project
npx wrangler init my-worker

# Or with a framework
npx create-cloudflare@latest my-app

Quick Reference: Core Commands

Task	Command
Start local dev server	`wrangler dev`
Deploy to Cloudflare	`wrangler deploy`
Deploy dry run	`wrangler deploy --dry-run`
Generate TypeScript types	`wrangler types`
Validate configuration	`wrangler check`
View live logs	`wrangler tail`
Delete Worker	`wrangler delete`
Auth status	`wrangler whoami`

Configuration (wrangler.jsonc)

Minimal Config

{
  "$schema": "./node_modules/wrangler/config-schema.json",
  "name": "my-worker",
  "main": "src/index.ts",
  "compatibility_date": "2026-01-01"
}

Full Config with Bindings

{
  "$schema": "./node_modules/wrangler/config-schema.json",
  "name": "my-worker",
  "main": "src/index.ts",
  "compatibility_date": "2026-01-01",
  "compatibility_flags": ["nodejs_compat_v2"],

  // Environment variables
  "vars": {
    "ENVIRONMENT": "production"
  },

  // KV Namespace
  "kv_namespaces": [
    { "binding": "KV", "id": "<KV_NAMESPACE_ID>" }
  ],

  // R2 Bucket
  "r2_buckets": [
    { "binding": "BUCKET", "bucket_name": "my-bucket" }
  ],

  // D1 Database
  "d1_databases": [
    { "binding": "DB", "database_name": "my-db", "database_id": "<DB_ID>" }
  ],

  // Workers AI (always remote)
  "ai": { "binding": "AI" },

  // Vectorize
  "vectorize": [
    { "binding": "VECTOR_INDEX", "index_name": "my-index" }
  ],

  // Hyperdrive
  "hyperdrive": [
    { "binding": "HYPERDRIVE", "id": "<HYPERDRIVE_ID>" }
  ],

  // Durable Objects
  "durable_objects": {
    "bindings": [
      { "name": "COUNTER", "class_name": "Counter" }
    ]
  },

  // Cron triggers
  "triggers": {
    "crons": ["0 * * * *"]
  },

  // Environments
  "env": {
    "staging": {
      "name": "my-worker-staging",
      "vars": { "ENVIRONMENT": "staging" }
    }
  }
}

Generate Types from Config

# Generate worker-configuration.d.ts
wrangler types

# Custom output path
wrangler types ./src/env.d.ts

# Check types are up to date (CI)
wrangler types --check

Local Development

Start Dev Server

# Local mode (default) - uses local storage simulation
wrangler dev

# With specific environment
wrangler dev --env staging

# Force local-only (disable remote bindings)
wrangler dev --local

# Custom port
wrangler dev --port 8787

# Test scheduled/cron handlers
wrangler dev --test-scheduled
# Then visit: http://localhost:8787/__scheduled

Remote Bindings for Local Dev

Use remote: true in binding config to connect to real resources while running locally:

{
  "r2_buckets": [
    { "binding": "BUCKET", "bucket_name": "my-bucket", "remote": true }
  ],
  "ai": { "binding": "AI", "remote": true },
  "vectorize": [
    { "binding": "INDEX", "index_name": "my-index", "remote": true }
  ]
}

Recommended remote bindings: AI (required), Vectorize, Browser Rendering, mTLS, Images.

Local Secrets

Create .dev.vars for local development secrets:

API_KEY=local-dev-key
DATABASE_URL=postgres://localhost:5432/dev

Deployment

Deploy Worker

# Deploy to production
wrangler deploy

# Deploy specific environment
wrangler deploy --env staging

# Dry run (validate without deploying)
wrangler deploy --dry-run

# Keep dashboard-set variables
wrangler deploy --keep-vars

# Minify code
wrangler deploy --minify

Manage Secrets

# Set secret interactively
wrangler secret put API_KEY

# Set from stdin
echo "secret-value" | wrangler secret put API_KEY

# List secrets
wrangler secret list

# Delete secret
wrangler secret delete API_KEY

# Bulk secrets from JSON file
wrangler secret bulk secrets.json

Versions and Rollback

# List recent versions
wrangler versions list

# View specific version
wrangler versions view <VERSION_ID>

# Rollback to previous version
wrangler rollback

# Rollback to specific version
wrangler rollback <VERSION_ID>

KV (Key-Value Store)

Manage Namespaces

# Create namespace
wrangler kv namespace create MY_KV

# List namespaces
wrangler kv namespace list

# Delete namespace
wrangler kv namespace delete --namespace-id <ID>

Manage Keys

# Put value
wrangler kv key put --namespace-id <ID> "key" "value"

# Put with expiration (seconds)
wrangler kv key put --namespace-id <ID> "key" "value" --expiration-ttl 3600

# Get value
wrangler kv key get --namespace-id <ID> "key"

# List keys
wrangler kv key list --namespace-id <ID>

# Delete key
wrangler kv key delete --namespace-id <ID> "key"

R2 (Object Storage)

Manage Buckets

# Create bucket
wrangler r2 bucket create my-bucket

# Create with location hint
wrangler r2 bucket create my-bucket --location wnam

# List buckets
wrangler r2 bucket list

# Delete bucket
wrangler r2 bucket delete my-bucket

Manage Objects

# Upload object
wrangler r2 object put my-bucket/path/file.txt --file ./local-file.txt

# Download object
wrangler r2 object get my-bucket/path/file.txt

# Delete object
wrangler r2 object delete my-bucket/path/file.txt

D1 (SQL Database)

Manage Databases

# Create database
wrangler d1 create my-database

# List databases
wrangler d1 list

# Get database info
wrangler d1 info my-database

# Delete database
wrangler d1 delete my-database

Execute SQL

# Execute SQL command (remote)
wrangler d1 execute my-database --remote --command "SELECT * FROM users"

# Execute SQL file (remote)
wrangler d1 execute my-database --remote --file ./schema.sql

# Execute locally
wrangler d1 execute my-database --local --command "SELECT * FROM users"

Migrations

# Create migration
wrangler d1 migrations create my-database create_users_table

# List pending migrations
wrangler d1 migrations list my-database --local

# Apply migrations locally
wrangler d1 migrations apply my-database --local

# Apply migrations to remote
wrangler d1 migrations apply my-database --remote

Vectorize (Vector Database)

Manage Indexes

# Create index with dimensions
wrangler vectorize create my-index --dimensions 768 --metric cosine

# Create with preset (auto-configures dimensions/metric)
wrangler vectorize create my-index --preset @cf/baai/bge-base-en-v1.5

# List indexes
wrangler vectorize list

# Delete index
wrangler vectorize delete my-index

Troubleshooting

Common Issues

Issue	Solution
`command not found: wrangler`	Install: `npm install -D wrangler`
Auth errors	Run `wrangler login`
Config validation errors	Run `wrangler check`
Type errors after config change	Run `wrangler types`
Local storage not persisting	Check `.wrangler/state` directory
Binding undefined in Worker	Verify binding name matches config exactly

Debug Commands

# Check auth status
wrangler whoami

# Validate config
wrangler check

# View config schema
wrangler docs configuration

Best Practices

Version control wrangler.jsonc: Treat as source of truth for Worker config.
Use automatic provisioning: Omit resource IDs for auto-creation on deploy.
Run wrangler types in CI: Add to build step to catch binding mismatches.
Use environments: Separate staging/production with env.staging, env.production.
Set compatibility_date: Update quarterly to get new runtime features.
Use .dev.vars for local secrets: Never commit secrets to config.
Test locally first: wrangler dev with local bindings before deploying.
Use --dry-run before major deploys: Validate changes without deployment.

cloudflare-wrangler

Wrangler CLI

FIRST: Verify Wrangler Installation

Key Guidelines