Analyzing Certificate Transparency for Phishing

Overview

Certificate Transparency (CT) is an Internet security standard that creates a public, append-only log of all issued SSL/TLS certificates. Monitoring CT logs enables early detection of phishing domains that register certificates mimicking legitimate brands, unauthorized certificate issuance for owned domains, and certificate-based attack infrastructure. This skill covers querying CT logs via crt.sh, real-time monitoring with Certstream, building automated alerting for suspicious certificates, and integrating findings into threat intelligence workflows.

Prerequisites

• Python 3.9+ with requests, certstream, tldextract, Levenshtein libraries
• Access to crt.sh (https://crt.sh/) for historical CT log queries
• Certstream (https://certstream.calidog.io/) for real-time monitoring
• List of organization domains and brand keywords to monitor
• Understanding of SSL/TLS certificate structure and issuance process

Key Concepts

Certificate Transparency Logs

CT logs are cryptographically assured, publicly auditable, append-only records of TLS certificate issuance. Major CAs (Let's Encrypt, DigiCert, Sectigo, Google Trust Services) submit all issued certificates to multiple CT logs. As of 2025, Chrome and Safari require CT for all publicly trusted certificates.