CesiumJS Spatial Math & Transforms

Version baseline: CesiumJS v1.142 (2026-06-01)

Mathematical foundation for every CesiumJS application: coordinate types, unit conversions, ellipsoid geometry, reference frame transforms, bounding volumes, intersection tests, and projections.

Core Concepts

CesiumJS uses a right-handed Earth-Centered Earth-Fixed (ECEF) coordinate system:

• Cartesian3 -- ECEF (x, y, z) in meters. Internal representation for all 3D positions.
• Cartographic -- (longitude, latitude, height). Angles are radians, height in meters above ellipsoid.

All angular values in core math are radians. Use Math.toRadians() / Math.toDegrees(). Math types use a static-method-with-result pattern: pass a result parameter to reuse allocations.

Cartesian3 -- Positions and Vectors

import { Cartesian3, Math as CesiumMath } from "cesium";