Blender

Transforms

• Apply scale before export — Ctrl+A → Scale, or objects deform in game engines
• Apply rotation for correct orientation — especially for rigged models
• Non-uniform scale breaks modifiers — apply scale before Mirror, Bevel, etc.
• Reset transforms: Alt+G/R/S — location, rotation, scale to defaults

Object vs Edit Mode

• Object mode transforms affect whole object — Edit mode transforms geometry only
• Modifiers applied in Object mode — Edit mode shows base mesh
• Selection works differently — Object selects whole, Edit selects vertices/edges/faces
• Tab to toggle — most operations mode-specific

Normals

• Flipped normals = invisible faces — Shift+N to recalculate outside
• Check in Viewport Overlays → Face Orientation — blue is correct, red is flipped
• Ctrl+Shift+N for flip inside — useful for interior scenes
• Smooth shading issues = bad normals — recalculate first