migrating-middleware-to-proxy
MIGRATION: middleware.ts to proxy.ts
Overview
Next.js 16 renames middleware.ts to proxy.ts and the middleware export to proxy. This is a breaking change with security implications (CVE-2025-29927).
Why This Change Matters
CVE-2025-29927: Middleware-based authentication is fundamentally broken in Next.js. Middleware cannot reliably protect routes because:
- Middleware runs at the edge, but authentication state lives in databases/sessions
- Race conditions between middleware checks and route handlers
- Middleware can be bypassed through direct route access
- Edge runtime limitations prevent proper session verification
The rename to "proxy" clarifies that this API is for request/response manipulation, not security.
Migration Steps
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