Ruby Language Skill

Error Handling Conventions

Weirich raise/fail Convention

Use fail for first-time exceptions, raise only for re-raising:

def process(order)
  fail ArgumentError, "Order cannot be nil" if order.nil?

  begin
    gateway.charge(order)
  rescue PaymentError => e
    logger.error("Payment failed: #{e.message}")
    raise  # re-raise with raise
  end
end