Version Compatibility

Reference examples tested with: ggplot2 3.5+

Before using code patterns, verify installed versions match. If versions differ:

• R: packageVersion('<pkg>') then ?function_name to verify parameters

If code throws ImportError, AttributeError, or TypeError, introspect the installed package and adapt the example to match the actual API rather than retrying.

Colocalization Analysis

"Test whether my GWAS signal and eQTL share the same causal variant" → Compute Bayesian posterior probabilities for five colocalization hypotheses (no association, trait-1-only, trait-2-only, distinct causal variants, shared causal variant) to distinguish true causal overlap from LD-driven coincidence.

• R: coloc::coloc.abf() for approximate Bayes factor colocalization

Overview

Colocalization tests whether two association signals at the same locus are driven by the same causal variant. This distinguishes shared causality from coincidental overlap due to LD.