Groovy

Groovy v4 adds Switch Expressions, Records, and Sealed Types. It remains the key to Gradle and Jenkins Pipelines.

When to Use

• Build Automation: Writing build.gradle scripts.
• CI/CD: Writing Jenkinsfiles.
• Scripting JVM: Interacting with Java libraries dynamically.

Core Concepts

Closures

{ item -> item.name }. The core functional primitive.

Dynamic Typing

def x = 1. (Though @CompileStatic can force types).