Solidity

Solidity is the primary language for the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM). v0.8.28 (2025) focuses on transient storage (tstore) and gas optimization via IR.

When to Use

• Ethereum/L2s: Developing for Optimism, Arbitrum, Base.
• DeFi: Writing logic for tokens, AMMs, and lending.
• NFTs: ERC-721 and ERC-1155 contracts.

Core Concepts

Gas

Every operation costs ETH. Optimization is critical.

Modifiers

Reusable checks. modifier onlyOwner { ... }.