tldr

Re-render information using visual/structural layout instead of prose. Based on the cognitive research that conscious processing of language caps at ~10–50 bits/sec (Zheng & Meister, Neuron 2024) while the retina transmits ~10^7 bits/sec to the visual cortex (Koch et al. 2006) — so spatial layout, diagrams, and structural compression beat paragraphs for the same idea.

Core principle

One glance ≥ one paragraph. If a reader has to read sentences to reconstruct a relationship, the relationship belongs in a diagram.

The five primitives (use these, not prose)

1. BAR CHART        ──  for magnitudes / comparisons of one quantity
   X  ████████████████  big
   Y  ███░░░░░░░░░░░░░  small

2. BOX                  ──  for grouping / containment / "this belongs to that"
   ┌─ category ──────────┐
   │  item   item   item │
   └─────────────────────┘