Python Services & CLI

Modern Tooling

Tool	Replaces	Purpose
uv	pip, virtualenv, pyenv, pipx	Package/dependency management
ruff	flake8, black, isort	Linting + formatting
ty	mypy, pyright	Type checking (Astral, faster)

uv init --package myproject for distributable packages, uv init for apps
uv add <pkg>, uv add --group dev <pkg>, never edit pyproject.toml deps manually
uv run <cmd> instead of activating venvs -- auto-activates the venv without explicit activation
uv add --upgrade <pkg> to upgrade a single package without touching others
uv tree --outdated to preview what would be upgraded before committing
uv.lock goes in version control
Use [dependency-groups] (PEP 735) for dev/test/docs, not [project.optional-dependencies]
PEP 723 inline metadata for standalone scripts with deps
ruff check --fix . && ruff format . for lint+format in one pass