kotter
Installation
SKILL.md
Kotter's 8-Step Change Model
Why 70% of Change Efforts Fail — 8 Common Errors
John Kotter's research at Harvard Business School identified that 70% of organizational change initiatives fail. The root causes trace to eight predictable errors:
| # | Error (실패 원인) | Consequence |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Allowing too much complacency (현상 안주 허용) | No one feels the need to change |
| 2 | Failing to create a powerful guiding coalition (추진력 있는 연합 부재) | Change has no political or organizational muscle |
| 3 | Underestimating the power of vision (비전의 힘 과소평가) | Direction unclear, people confused or resistant |
| 4 | Under-communicating the vision (비전 소통 부족) | Even a good vision dies if people don't hear it repeatedly |
| 5 | Permitting obstacles to block the vision (장애물 방치) | Structural, systemic, or human barriers kill momentum |
| 6 | Failing to create short-term wins (단기 성과 미창출) | People lose faith — "this isn't working" |
| 7 | Declaring victory too soon (너무 이른 승리 선언) | Regression to old habits; change doesn't stick |
| 8 | Neglecting to anchor in culture (문화 정착 실패) | New behaviors evaporate when pressure is off |
Key insight: These errors are sequential. Skipping early steps or rushing later ones produces the same result — failure.