Resource-Based View (자원기반관점)

"Firms are bundles of productive resources... the heterogeneity of resources across firms explains performance differences." — Edith Penrose (1959), Birger Wernerfelt (1984), Jay Barney (1991)

1. Core Premise (핵심 전제)

Firms are bundles of resources and capabilities. Performance differences arise because:

• Resources are heterogeneously distributed across firms (자원 이질성)
• Resources are imperfectly mobile — they cannot be freely traded (불완전 이동성)
• Competitive advantage comes from inside-out, not just outside-in

This contrasts with Porter's industry-structure view: RBV says what you have matters more than where you compete.

2. Resource Categories (자원 분류)