addie
ADDIE — Pastore's Instructional Design Framework
Core principle
"ADDIE is the basic building block, the framework for all of these. Regardless of the model being used, it's using ADDIE as its framework. Thus, you cannot replace ADDIE and if you hear someone talking about replacing ADDIE with X model, be wary of the snake oil they are selling." — Pastore 2020, p. 24
ADDIE is a framework, not a model (Pastore 2020, p. 22). It tells you the five phases — Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation — but not how to perform each. The "how" varies per project; that's what the dozens of ID models (Dick & Carey, Smith & Ragan, Gagné, etc.) prescribe. ADDIE is modified for every project (p. 11), and "there is NO best model that works for everything. The best model is the one that solves your current problem" (p. 23).
ADDIE was developed in the 1970s at Florida State for the US military as a strictly linear model (Branson et al., 1975); it was modified after a few years because the linear version "didn't work so well in practice" (p. 22). In the real world the phases overlap — implementation runs throughout, not just at the end (p. 99).
When this framework applies
| Situation | Use ADDIE? |
|---|---|
| Client asks for "a training" or "an eLearning course" | Yes — but verify training is actually the answer first |
| Performance gap (employees doing X wrong) | Run front-end analysis first; training may not be the fix |
| New software/system rollout, new policy, new role | Yes — ADDIE end-to-end |
| Learners already know the content | No — pretest and skip |
| Tight deadline, experienced team, prior analysis exists | Use Rapid ID (§6) — modify ADDIE, don't skip it |
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