Error Classification

Classify abnormal states before designing their handling. Different words imply different interventions.

Working Vocabulary

• Error: a human or system mistake in reasoning, input, configuration, or operation.

• Defect: a flaw in an artifact such as code, requirements, tests, or documentation.

• Bug: an informal report or label for a defect, fault, or failure; clarify which precise category is meant before choosing a response.

• Fault: an incorrect internal state or latent condition that can cause failure.

• Failure: externally observable deviation from expected service.

• Incident: an operational event requiring response.

• Exception: a language/runtime control mechanism or signal, not a domain classification by itself; classify the condition it represents.