Qiskit

Use current Qiskit 2.x APIs to build circuits, prepare hardware-compatible instruction set architecture (ISA) circuits, and execute them through V2 primitives.

This skill was verified on 2026-07-23 against the PyPI releases qiskit==2.5.0, qiskit-ibm-runtime==0.48.0, and qiskit-aer==0.17.2. Check references/sources.md before changing pins or documenting newly released behavior.

Choose the Right Path

Goal	Recommended interface
Exact local sampling	`qiskit.primitives.StatevectorSampler`
Exact local expectation values	`qiskit.primitives.StatevectorEstimator`
High-performance or noisy simulation	Qiskit Aer
IBM QPU sampling	`qiskit_ibm_runtime.SamplerV2`
IBM QPU expectation values and mitigation	`qiskit_ibm_runtime.EstimatorV2`
Backend without native primitives	`BackendSamplerV2` or `BackendEstimatorV2`
Open-system or master-equation dynamics	Prefer QuTiP
Differentiable quantum machine learning	Prefer PennyLane unless Qiskit integration is required