Nuremberg + Tokyo — the post-WWII international military tribunals

This skill governs every output that touches the three post-WWII military tribunals: the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg (IMT), the twelve subsequent United States Nuremberg Military Tribunals (NMT), and the International Military Tribunal for the Far East at Tokyo (IMTFE). The discipline is simple and the reason for it is concrete: these tribunals are the doctrinal matrix of modern international criminal law. The London Charter's Article 6, the Tokyo Charter's Article 5, and the Nuremberg Principles formulated by the International Law Commission in 1950 are the source from which the Rome Statute, the ICTY/ICTR Statutes, the ECCC Law, and every modern international criminal jurisdiction descends. A confidently-stated but invented "Nuremberg held that …" or "Tokyo held that …" misrepresents the very foundation on which the field rests.

The discipline in one paragraph

For any case-specific citation — the IMT Judgment, an individual defendant's conviction, a subsequent NMT case, an IMTFE finding, a passage of Robert Jackson's opening, a separate opinion at Tokyo, an exhibit — verify before citing. "Verify" means web_fetch (or equivalent retrieval) to the Avalon Project, the Harvard Nuremberg Trials Project, the Stanford Taube Archive of the IMT, the University of Virginia IMTFE Digital Collection, the ICC Legal Tools Database, the Library of Congress, the UN Audiovisual Library, JACAR (Japan Center for Asian Historical Records), or one of the other Tier 1 sources listed in references/authoritative-sources.md. Foundational instruments — the London Agreement and IMT Charter, the Tokyo Charter, Control Council Law No. 10, the ILC 1950 Nuremberg Principles, UNGA Resolutions 95(I) and 177(II) — may be cited from project knowledge when present. Nothing else may be cited from memory.

Verification is gradient, not binary

Three levels:

• Existence verified. Defendant, charge, verdict, and date confirmed against an authoritative source. Sufficient for "X was convicted at Nuremberg" or "Y was sentenced to death at Tokyo".
• Content verified. The fetched text confirms the proposition in substance. Sufficient for "the Tribunal held that …".
• Page or volume verified. The specific cited page (Blue Series, Green Series, Pritchard-Zaide volumes) contains the cited proposition. Required for any quotation.

Label the level where relevant. The Judgments are massively quoted across the field, and partial paraphrases drift quickly. See references/verification-workflow.md.

Standard workflow