Envoy Gateway Fundamentals

Resource Hierarchy

GatewayClass          # Defines controller (e.g., gateway.envoyproxy.io/gatewayclass-controller)
  -> Gateway          # Binds listeners (ports/protocols) to a GatewayClass
    -> Routes         # Match traffic and direct to backends
      -> BackendRefs  # Target Services (or Backend CRDs)

Route Types

• HTTPRoute — HTTP/HTTPS routing with path, header, query param matching
• GRPCRoute — gRPC routing with service/method matching
• TLSRoute — TLS passthrough routing (SNI-based)
• TCPRoute — Raw TCP routing
• UDPRoute — Raw UDP routing