Financial Instruments (IFRS 9 / Sections 11 and 12)

Tier-3 scope

Most Chwezi SME clients hold only basic financial instruments: trade receivables, trade payables, bank balances, simple loans. For these, Section 11 (IFRS for SMEs) gives a complete model. Full IFRS 9 (classification by business model and SPPI test, ECL, hedge accounting) becomes load-bearing only for clients with material receivables, financing operations, or banking activity. Build Section 11 first; build full IFRS 9 when demanded.

Required first reads

• doctrine/accounting-finance-doctrine.md
• doctrine/references/ifrs-for-smes-default.md (Sections 11, 12)
• doctrine/references/full-ifrs-overlay.md (IFRS 9)
• doctrine/references/chart-of-accounts.md

Section 11 — basic financial instruments (IFRS for SMEs default)

Scope: cash, demand and fixed-term deposits, commercial paper, bonds, trade and other accounts receivable / payable, loans receivable and payable, commitments to receive a loan, and most basic investments in non-convertible preference shares and non-puttable ordinary shares.