Deterministic Test Harness

Control clocks, randomness, providers, storage, and concurrency for repeatable tests; inject deterministic dependencies at the boundary.

Sources of Nondeterminism

• Time, time zones, calendars, date cutoffs, settlement windows
• Random ids, UUIDs, references, sampling, shuffling
• External providers: payments, market data, bank files, email, SMS, KYC
• Background jobs, queues, scheduled tasks, retries, polling
• Database ordering without explicit ORDER BY
• Parallel writes, locks, optimistic concurrency, race-prone state

Test Controls

Prefer existing patterns, else smallest boundary: frozen-time clock, deterministic id factory, provider fake (success/decline/timeout/duplicate), in-memory queue/sync runner, fixture reset, stable sort. Freeze time, seed ids, drive providers from fakes, assert observable behavior.

Prove Stability