Arcade is an expression language for ArcGIS. It's used for:

Dynamic popup content
Data-driven rendering
Custom labels
Field calculations
Form validation

Basic Syntax

// Variables
var population = $feature.population;
var area = $feature.area_sqkm;

// Calculations
var density = population / area;

// Return result
return Round(density, 2);

Arcade in PopupTemplates

Expression Infos

const popupTemplate = {
  title: "{name}",
  expressionInfos: [
    {
      name: "population-density",
      title: "Population Density",
      expression: "Round($feature.population / $feature.area_sqkm, 2)",
    },
    {
      name: "formatted-date",
      title: "Formatted Date",
      expression: "Text($feature.created_date, 'MMMM D, YYYY')",
    },
  ],
  content: "Density: {expression/population-density} people/km²",
};

Complex Expressions

const popupTemplate = {
  title: "{name}",
  expressionInfos: [
    {
      name: "predominant-category",
      title: "Predominant Category",
      expression: `
      var fields = [
        { value: $feature.category_a, alias: "Category A" },
        { value: $feature.category_b, alias: "Category B" },
        { value: $feature.category_c, alias: "Category C" }
      ];

      var maxValue = -Infinity;
      var maxCategory = "";

      for (var i in fields) {
        if (fields[i].value > maxValue) {
          maxValue = fields[i].value;
          maxCategory = fields[i].alias;
        }
      }

      return maxCategory;
    `,
    },
  ],
  content: [
    {
      type: "text",
      text: "The predominant category is: {expression/predominant-category}",
    },
    {
      type: "fields",
      fieldInfos: [
        {
          fieldName: "expression/predominant-category",
        },
      ],
    },
  ],
};

Arcade in Renderers

Value Expression

const renderer = {
  type: "unique-value",
  valueExpression: `
    var labor = $feature.labor_force;
    var notLabor = $feature.not_in_labor_force;

    if (labor > notLabor) {
      return "In labor force";
    } else {
      return "Not in labor force";
    }
  `,
  valueExpressionTitle: "Labor Force Status",
  uniqueValueInfos: [
    {
      value: "In labor force",
      symbol: { type: "simple-fill", color: "blue" },
    },
    {
      value: "Not in labor force",
      symbol: { type: "simple-fill", color: "orange" },
    },
  ],
};

Visual Variable Expression

const renderer = {
  type: "simple",
  symbol: { type: "simple-marker", color: "red" },
  visualVariables: [
    {
      type: "size",
      valueExpression: "Sqrt($feature.population) * 0.1",
      valueExpressionTitle: "Population (scaled)",
      stops: [
        { value: 10, size: 4 },
        { value: 100, size: 40 },
      ],
    },
    {
      type: "opacity",
      valueExpression: "($feature.value / $feature.max_value) * 100",
      valueExpressionTitle: "Percentage of max",
      stops: [
        { value: 20, opacity: 0.2 },
        { value: 80, opacity: 1 },
      ],
    },
  ],
};

Arcade in Labels

layer.labelingInfo = [
  {
    symbol: {
      type: "text",
      color: "black",
      font: { size: 10 },
    },
    labelExpressionInfo: {
      expression: `
      var name = $feature.name;
      var pop = $feature.population;

      if (pop > 1000000) {
        return name + " (" + Round(pop/1000000, 1) + "M)";
      } else if (pop > 1000) {
        return name + " (" + Round(pop/1000, 0) + "K)";
      }
      return name;
    `,
    },
    where: "population > 50000",
  },
];

Common Arcade Functions

Math Functions

Round(3.14159, 2)        // 3.14
Floor(3.9)               // 3
Ceil(3.1)                // 4
Abs(-5)                  // 5
Sqrt(16)                 // 4
Pow(2, 3)                // 8
Min(1, 2, 3)             // 1
Max(1, 2, 3)             // 3
Sum([1, 2, 3])           // 6
Mean([1, 2, 3])          // 2

Text Functions

Upper("hello")           // "HELLO"
Lower("HELLO")           // "hello"
Trim("  hello  ")        // "hello"
Left("hello", 2)         // "he"
Right("hello", 2)        // "lo"
Mid("hello", 2, 2)       // "ll"
Find("l", "hello")       // 2
Replace("hello", "l", "L") // "heLLo"
Split("a,b,c", ",")      // ["a", "b", "c"]
Concatenate(["a", "b"])  // "ab"

Date Functions

Now()                                    // Current date/time
Today()                                  // Current date
Year($feature.date_field)               // Extract year
Month($feature.date_field)              // Extract month (1-12)
Day($feature.date_field)                // Extract day
DateDiff(Now(), $feature.date, "days")  // Days between dates
Text($feature.date, "MMMM D, YYYY")     // Format date

Geometry Functions

Area($feature, "square-kilometers")
Length($feature, "kilometers")
Centroid($feature)
Buffer($feature, 100, "meters")
Intersects($feature, $otherFeature)
Contains($feature, $point)

Conditional Functions

// IIf (inline if)
IIf($feature.value > 100, "High", "Low")

// When (multiple conditions)
When(
  $feature.type == "A", "Type A",
  $feature.type == "B", "Type B",
  "Other"
)

// Decode (value matching)
Decode($feature.code,
  1, "One",
  2, "Two",
  3, "Three",
  "Unknown"
)

Array Functions

var arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];

Count(arr)               // 5
First(arr)               // 1
Last(arr)                // 5
IndexOf(arr, 3)          // 2
Includes(arr, 3)         // true
Push(arr, 6)             // [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
Reverse(arr)             // [5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
Sort(arr)                // [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Slice(arr, 1, 3)         // [2, 3]

Feature Access

// Current feature
$feature.fieldName

// All features in layer (for aggregation)
var allFeatures = FeatureSet($layer);
var filtered = Filter(allFeatures, "type = 'A'");
var total = Sum(filtered, "value");

// Related records
var related = FeatureSetByRelationshipName($feature, "relationshipName");

// Global variables
$map                     // Reference to map
$view                    // Reference to view
$datastore               // Reference to data store

Execute Arcade Programmatically

import * as arcade from "@arcgis/core/arcade.js";

// Create profile
const profile = {
  variables: [
    {
      name: "$feature",
      type: "feature",
    },
  ],
};

// Compile expression
const executor = await arcade.createArcadeExecutor(
  "Round($feature.value * 100, 2)",
  profile,
);

// Execute with feature
const result = await executor.executeAsync({
  $feature: graphic,
});

console.log("Result:", result);

Note: In v5.0, ExecuteContext.lruCache is deprecated. Use ExecuteContext.cache instead.

Arcade in HTML (Script Tags)

<script type="text/plain" id="my-expression">
  var total = $feature.value_a + $feature.value_b;
  var percentage = Round((total / $feature.max_value) * 100, 1);
  return percentage + "%";
</script>

<script type="module">
  const expression = document.getElementById("my-expression").text;

  const popupTemplate = {
    expressionInfos: [
      {
        name: "my-calc",
        expression: expression,
      },
    ],
    content: "Value: {expression/my-calc}",
  };
</script>

Arcade Expression Profiles

Different Arcade profiles expose different global variables and functions:

Profile	Global Variables	Used For
`popup`	`$feature`, `$layer`, `$map`, `$datastore`	Popup content
`visualization`	`$feature`, `$view`	Renderers, visual variables
`labeling`	`$feature`, `$view`	Label expressions
`field-calculate`	`$feature`, `$layer`	Field calculations
`form-calculation`	`$feature`, `$layer`, `$originalFeature`	Form calculated expressions
`constraint`	`$feature`, `$layer`, `$originalFeature`	Form validation
`alias`	`$feature`, `$layer`	Cluster popup aliases

Reference Samples

popuptemplate-arcade - Arcade expressions in PopupTemplates
popuptemplate-arcade-expression-content - Arcade expression content in popups
visualization-arcade - Arcade-driven visualization
arcade-execute-chart - Execute Arcade with charting

Common Pitfalls

Null values: Always check for nulls with IsEmpty($feature.field) before arithmetic operations. Dividing by null or adding to null produces null.

// Anti-pattern: no null check
return $feature.population / $feature.area;

// Correct: check for null
if (IsEmpty($feature.area) || $feature.area == 0) {
  return "N/A";
}
return Round($feature.population / $feature.area, 2);

Type coercion: Use Number() or Text() for explicit conversion when mixing types.
Case sensitivity: Arcade function names are case-insensitive, but field names must match the source data exactly.
Performance: Complex expressions in renderers and labels evaluate per feature per frame. Keep them simple for large datasets.
Debugging: Use the Console() function to debug expressions. Output appears in the browser's developer console.
FeatureSet queries: FeatureSet() and Filter() execute server-side queries. They can be slow in popup expressions if the layer has many features.

Related Skills

See arcgis-popup-templates for popup template configuration
See arcgis-visualization for renderer and symbol configuration
See arcgis-smart-mapping for data-driven visualization
See arcgis-coding-components for the <arcgis-arcade-editor> component

arcgis-arcade

ArcGIS Arcade Expressions

Import Patterns

Direct ESM Imports

Dynamic Imports (CDN)

Arcade Basics