Version Compatibility

Reference examples tested with: numpy 1.26+, pandas 2.2+

Before using code patterns, verify installed versions match. If versions differ:

• Python: pip show <package> then help(module.function) to check signatures

If code throws ImportError, AttributeError, or TypeError, introspect the installed package and adapt the example to match the actual API rather than retrying.

Sparse Matrix Handling

"Convert counts to sparse matrix" → Store zero-heavy expression data (especially single-cell) in memory-efficient sparse format.

• Python: scipy.sparse.csr_matrix(dense_array), anndata.X stores sparse by default
• Python: scipy.io.mmread('matrix.mtx') for Market Matrix format (10x Genomics)

Check Sparsity