Common optional fields:

date: date          # Publication/update date
tags: string[]      # Categorization
draft: boolean      # Hide from production
order: number       # Manual ordering
category: string    # Primary category

Type-Safe Schema Definition

import { z } from 'zod';

const schema = z.object({
  title: z.string(),
  description: z.string(),
  date: z.date().optional(),
  tags: z.array(z.string()).optional(),
  draft: z.boolean().default(false),
});

Critical: Validate at build time, not runtime. Catch schema errors early.

MDX Plugin Configuration

Essential Plugins

Markdown processing (remark):

remark-gfm: GitHub Flavored Markdown (tables, task lists)
remark-frontmatter: Parse YAML frontmatter

HTML processing (rehype):

rehype-slug: Add IDs to headings (required for TOC)
rehype-autolink-headings: Clickable heading links
rehype-pretty-code: Syntax highlighting (Shiki-based)

Minimal Config Example

export default defineConfig({
  markdown: {
    remarkPlugins: [remarkGfm],
    rehypePlugins: [
      rehypeSlug,
      [rehypeAutolinkHeadings, { behavior: 'wrap' }],
      [rehypePrettyCode, { theme: 'github-dark' }],
    ],
  },
});

Content Organization Patterns

Directory Structure

content/
  docs/              # Main documentation
    index.md
    getting-started.md
    api/             # Nested sections
      auth.md
  guides/            # Tutorials/guides
  changelog.md       # Special pages

Routing: Directory structure maps to URLs

docs/index.md → /docs
docs/api/auth.md → /docs/api/auth

Collection Organization

Group related content into collections:

export const collections = {
  'docs': docsCollection,
  'guides': guidesCollection,
  'blog': blogCollection,
};

Benefits: Separate schemas, different processing, type safety per collection.

Custom Components in MDX

Providing Components

// Make components available in MDX
const components = {
  // Override defaults
  h1: CustomH1,
  code: CustomCode,

  // Add custom components
  Callout: CalloutComponent,
  Tabs: TabsComponent,
};

Common Patterns

Callout/Alert:

<Callout type="warning">
Important information here
</Callout>

Code with tabs:

<Tabs>
  <Tab label="JavaScript">...</Tab>
  <Tab label="TypeScript">...</Tab>
</Tabs>

Syntax Highlighting

Shiki Configuration

[rehypePrettyCode, {
  theme: 'github-dark',
  keepBackground: false,  // Use CSS custom properties
}]

Theme switching: Set keepBackground: false, control via CSS:

pre {
  background: var(--code-background);
}

Code Block Features

```js title="example.js" {3-5}
// Line 1
// Line 2
// Lines 3-5 highlighted
// ...


Supported: Line highlighting, titles, line numbers (framework-dependent).

## Content Queries

### Basic Filtering

```typescript
import { getCollection } from 'astro:content';

// Get published docs
const docs = await getCollection('docs', ({ data }) => {
  return !data.draft;
});

// Sort by date
docs.sort((a, b) =>
  b.data.date.getTime() - a.data.date.getTime()
);

Navigation Generation

// Generate nav from content
const nav = docs
  .filter(doc => !doc.data.draft)
  .map(doc => ({
    label: doc.data.title,
    href: `/docs/${doc.slug}`,
    order: doc.data.order ?? 999,
  }))
  .sort((a, b) => a.order - b.order);

Table of Contents Generation

Extract Headings

// From markdown AST or rendered HTML
function extractHeadings(content: string) {
  const headings = [];
  // Parse headings from content
  return headings.map(h => ({
    depth: h.depth,
    text: h.text,
    slug: h.slug,
  }));
}

Display: Show h2 and h3 only, indent by depth.

Validation Checklist

Before committing content schema:

Required fields defined
TypeScript types generated
Validation runs at build time
Example content validates
Frontmatter documented for authors
Collections organized logically

Common Issues

Frontmatter not parsing:

Ensure triple dashes --- around YAML
Check indentation (YAML is whitespace-sensitive)
Validate against schema

Custom components not rendering:

Verify component is provided to MDX
Check import paths
Ensure component is exported

Syntax highlighting broken:

Verify plugin is configured
Check language identifier is valid
Ensure theme is loaded

Content Authoring Guidelines

Document for content authors:

## Content Guidelines

1. **Frontmatter**: Required fields: `title`, `description`
2. **Headings**: Start with h2 (h1 is title)
3. **Links**: Use relative paths: `./other-doc.md`
4. **Images**: Place in `src/assets/`, use relative paths
5. **Code blocks**: Include language identifier

Decision Points

Schema design:

What content types exist?
What metadata does each need?
How will content be filtered/sorted?

MDX features:

Which custom components are needed?
What markdown extensions are required?
How will code blocks be styled?

Organization:

How to structure directories?
How to handle navigation?
How to generate TOC?

Document decisions in CLAUDE.md under "Content Structure" section.

mdx-content

MDX Content Management

Content Schema Design

Frontmatter Schema Pattern