Modern Rationalism & Empiricism Skill

Master the early modern period (c. 1600-1800)—the age of the "epistemological turn" when philosophy focused on questions of knowledge, mind, and method, culminating in Kant's critical synthesis.

Overview

The Epistemological Turn

Medieval Philosophy: What is real? (Metaphysics first) Modern Philosophy: What can we know? (Epistemology first)

Historical Context

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION (Background)
├── Copernicus (1473-1543): Heliocentrism
├── Galileo (1564-1642): Mathematical physics
├── Newton (1643-1727): Mechanics, calculus
└── New confidence in human reason