┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                           FACTORY ARCHITECTURE                               │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                                                                              │
│  ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐   │
│  │                      UniswapV3Factory                                 │   │
│  │                                                                       │   │
│  │  State:                                                               │   │
│  │  ┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐  │   │
│  │  │ owner: address              │ Can modify fee tiers             │  │   │
│  │  │ feeAmountTickSpacing: map   │ fee → tickSpacing                │  │   │
│  │  │ getPool: map                │ token0 → token1 → fee → pool    │  │   │
│  │  └────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘  │   │
│  │                                                                       │   │
│  │  Default Fee Tiers:                                                   │   │
│  │  ┌──────────┬─────────────┬───────────────┬─────────────────────┐    │   │
│  │  │   Fee    │ Fee (bps)   │ Tick Spacing  │ Use Case            │    │   │
│  │  ├──────────┼─────────────┼───────────────┼─────────────────────│    │   │
│  │  │   100    │   0.01%     │      1        │ Very stable pairs   │    │   │
│  │  │   500    │   0.05%     │     10        │ Stable pairs        │    │   │
│  │  │  3000    │   0.30%     │     60        │ Standard pairs      │    │   │
│  │  │ 10000    │   1.00%     │    200        │ Exotic/volatile     │    │   │
│  │  └──────────┴─────────────┴───────────────┴─────────────────────┘    │   │
│  │                                                                       │   │
│  └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘   │
│                              │                                               │
│                              │ createPool()                                  │
│                              ▼                                               │
│  ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐   │
│  │                     UniswapV3PoolDeployer                             │   │
│  │                                                                       │   │
│  │  Uses CREATE2 for deterministic deployment:                          │   │
│  │  salt = keccak256(token0, token1, fee)                               │   │
│  │  address = CREATE2(factory, salt, initCodeHash)                      │   │
│  │                                                                       │   │
│  └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘   │
│                              │                                               │
│                              │ new UniswapV3Pool()                          │
│                              ▼                                               │
│  ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐   │
│  │                       UniswapV3Pool                                   │   │
│  │  Immutables set via constructor read from deployer:                  │   │
│  │  - factory, token0, token1, fee, tickSpacing                         │   │
│  └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘   │
│                                                                              │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Factory Contract

contract UniswapV3Factory is IUniswapV3Factory, UniswapV3PoolDeployer, NoDelegateCall {
    /// @inheritdoc IUniswapV3Factory
    address public override owner;

    /// @inheritdoc IUniswapV3Factory
    mapping(uint24 => int24) public override feeAmountTickSpacing;

    /// @inheritdoc IUniswapV3Factory
    mapping(address => mapping(address => mapping(uint24 => address))) public override getPool;

    constructor() {
        owner = msg.sender;
        emit OwnerChanged(address(0), msg.sender);

        // Initialize default fee tiers
        feeAmountTickSpacing[500] = 10;
        emit FeeAmountEnabled(500, 10);

        feeAmountTickSpacing[3000] = 60;
        emit FeeAmountEnabled(3000, 60);

        feeAmountTickSpacing[10000] = 200;
        emit FeeAmountEnabled(10000, 200);
    }
}

Pool Creation

/// @inheritdoc IUniswapV3Factory
function createPool(
    address tokenA,
    address tokenB,
    uint24 fee
) external override noDelegateCall returns (address pool) {
    require(tokenA != tokenB);
    (address token0, address token1) = tokenA < tokenB ? (tokenA, tokenB) : (tokenB, tokenA);
    require(token0 != address(0));

    int24 tickSpacing = feeAmountTickSpacing[fee];
    require(tickSpacing != 0);
    require(getPool[token0][token1][fee] == address(0));

    // Deploy pool using CREATE2
    pool = deploy(address(this), token0, token1, fee, tickSpacing);

    // Store in mapping (both directions for easy lookup)
    getPool[token0][token1][fee] = pool;
    getPool[token1][token0][fee] = pool;

    emit PoolCreated(token0, token1, fee, tickSpacing, pool);
}

Pool Deployer

contract UniswapV3PoolDeployer is IUniswapV3PoolDeployer {
    // Parameters passed to pool constructor
    struct Parameters {
        address factory;
        address token0;
        address token1;
        uint24 fee;
        int24 tickSpacing;
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IUniswapV3PoolDeployer
    Parameters public override parameters;

    /// @dev Deploys a pool with the given parameters
    function deploy(
        address factory,
        address token0,
        address token1,
        uint24 fee,
        int24 tickSpacing
    ) internal returns (address pool) {
        // Store parameters for pool constructor to read
        parameters = Parameters({
            factory: factory,
            token0: token0,
            token1: token1,
            fee: fee,
            tickSpacing: tickSpacing
        });

        // CREATE2 deployment with deterministic address
        pool = address(new UniswapV3Pool{salt: keccak256(abi.encode(token0, token1, fee))}());

        delete parameters;
    }
}

Pool Constructor

The pool reads its immutable parameters from the deployer.

contract UniswapV3Pool is IUniswapV3Pool, NoDelegateCall {
    /// @inheritdoc IUniswapV3PoolImmutables
    address public immutable override factory;
    /// @inheritdoc IUniswapV3PoolImmutables
    address public immutable override token0;
    /// @inheritdoc IUniswapV3PoolImmutables
    address public immutable override token1;
    /// @inheritdoc IUniswapV3PoolImmutables
    uint24 public immutable override fee;
    /// @inheritdoc IUniswapV3PoolImmutables
    int24 public immutable override tickSpacing;
    /// @inheritdoc IUniswapV3PoolImmutables
    uint128 public immutable override maxLiquidityPerTick;

    constructor() {
        int24 _tickSpacing;
        (factory, token0, token1, fee, _tickSpacing) = IUniswapV3PoolDeployer(msg.sender).parameters();
        tickSpacing = _tickSpacing;

        // Calculate max liquidity per tick to prevent overflow
        maxLiquidityPerTick = Tick.tickSpacingToMaxLiquidityPerTick(_tickSpacing);
    }
}

Pool Address Computation

Addresses can be computed off-chain without querying the blockchain.

library PoolAddress {
    bytes32 internal constant POOL_INIT_CODE_HASH =
        0xe34f199b19b2b4f47f68442619d555527d244f78a3297ea89325f843f87b8b54;

    struct PoolKey {
        address token0;
        address token1;
        uint24 fee;
    }

    /// @notice Returns PoolKey with tokens sorted
    function getPoolKey(
        address tokenA,
        address tokenB,
        uint24 fee
    ) internal pure returns (PoolKey memory) {
        if (tokenA > tokenB) (tokenA, tokenB) = (tokenB, tokenA);
        return PoolKey({token0: tokenA, token1: tokenB, fee: fee});
    }

    /// @notice Deterministically computes the pool address
    function computeAddress(address factory, PoolKey memory key)
        internal pure
        returns (address pool)
    {
        require(key.token0 < key.token1);
        pool = address(
            uint160(
                uint256(
                    keccak256(
                        abi.encodePacked(
                            hex'ff',
                            factory,
                            keccak256(abi.encode(key.token0, key.token1, key.fee)),
                            POOL_INIT_CODE_HASH
                        )
                    )
                )
            )
        );
    }
}

Fee Tier Management

The factory owner can enable new fee tiers.

/// @inheritdoc IUniswapV3Factory
function enableFeeAmount(uint24 fee, int24 tickSpacing) public override {
    require(msg.sender == owner);
    require(fee < 1000000);
    require(tickSpacing > 0 && tickSpacing < 16384);
    require(feeAmountTickSpacing[fee] == 0);

    feeAmountTickSpacing[fee] = tickSpacing;
    emit FeeAmountEnabled(fee, tickSpacing);
}

Ownership Transfer

/// @inheritdoc IUniswapV3Factory
function setOwner(address _owner) external override {
    require(msg.sender == owner);
    emit OwnerChanged(owner, _owner);
    owner = _owner;
}

Pool Initializer (Periphery)

Creates and initializes pools in one transaction.

abstract contract PoolInitializer is IPoolInitializer, PeripheryImmutableState {
    /// @inheritdoc IPoolInitializer
    function createAndInitializePoolIfNecessary(
        address token0,
        address token1,
        uint24 fee,
        uint160 sqrtPriceX96
    ) external payable override returns (address pool) {
        require(token0 < token1);
        pool = IUniswapV3Factory(factory).getPool(token0, token1, fee);

        if (pool == address(0)) {
            // Create new pool
            pool = IUniswapV3Factory(factory).createPool(token0, token1, fee);
            IUniswapV3Pool(pool).initialize(sqrtPriceX96);
        } else {
            // Check if already initialized
            (uint160 sqrtPriceX96Existing, , , , , , ) = IUniswapV3Pool(pool).slot0();
            if (sqrtPriceX96Existing == 0) {
                IUniswapV3Pool(pool).initialize(sqrtPriceX96);
            }
        }
    }
}

Fee Tier Selection Guidelines

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                        FEE TIER SELECTION GUIDE                              │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                                                                              │
│  0.01% (100 bps) - tickSpacing: 1                                           │
│  ────────────────────────────────────────────────                           │
│  • Stablecoin pairs (USDC/USDT, DAI/USDC)                                   │
│  • Very low volatility                                                       │
│  • Tight spreads required                                                    │
│  • Fine-grained price control                                               │
│                                                                              │
│  0.05% (500 bps) - tickSpacing: 10                                          │
│  ────────────────────────────────────────────────                           │
│  • Stable pairs (stETH/ETH, WBTC/renBTC)                                    │
│  • Correlated assets                                                         │
│  • Low volatility but not stable                                            │
│                                                                              │
│  0.30% (3000 bps) - tickSpacing: 60                                         │
│  ────────────────────────────────────────────────                           │
│  • Standard token pairs (ETH/USDC, ETH/DAI)                                 │
│  • Most common tier                                                          │
│  • Good balance of fees vs spreads                                          │
│                                                                              │
│  1.00% (10000 bps) - tickSpacing: 200                                       │
│  ────────────────────────────────────────────────                           │
│  • Exotic or volatile pairs                                                  │
│  • Low liquidity tokens                                                      │
│  • High impermanent loss risk                                               │
│  • Fewer initialized ticks (gas savings)                                    │
│                                                                              │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Tick Spacing Impact

// Tick spacing determines which ticks can be initialized
// Only ticks divisible by tickSpacing can hold liquidity boundaries

// For tickSpacing = 60 (0.3% fee):
// Valid ticks: ..., -120, -60, 0, 60, 120, ...
// Invalid ticks: -59, -1, 1, 59, 61, ...

// Price step per valid tick = 1.0001^tickSpacing
// tickSpacing = 1   → 0.01% per step
// tickSpacing = 10  → 0.10% per step
// tickSpacing = 60  → 0.60% per step
// tickSpacing = 200 → 2.02% per step

Events

/// @notice Emitted when a new pool is created
event PoolCreated(
    address indexed token0,
    address indexed token1,
    uint24 indexed fee,
    int24 tickSpacing,
    address pool
);

/// @notice Emitted when a new fee amount is enabled
event FeeAmountEnabled(uint24 indexed fee, int24 indexed tickSpacing);

/// @notice Emitted when the owner changes
event OwnerChanged(address indexed oldOwner, address indexed newOwner);

NoDelegateCall Protection

Prevents pools from being used as implementation contracts.

abstract contract NoDelegateCall {
    /// @dev The original address of this contract
    address private immutable original;

    constructor() {
        original = address(this);
    }

    /// @dev Prevents delegatecall into the modified method
    modifier noDelegateCall() {
        require(address(this) == original);
        _;
    }
}

Uniswap V3 Factory

Uniswap V3 Factory

Overview