Detecta automáticamente el lenguaje:
├── .py → Python debugging
├── .java → Java debugging
├── .cs → C# debugging
├── .go → Go debugging
├── .rs → Rust debugging
├── .rb → Ruby debugging
├── .ts/.js → JS/TS debugging
├── .php → PHP debugging
├── .swift → Swift debugging
└── .kt → Kotlin debugging

🔧 Herramientas de Debugging por Lenguaje

Python

Herramienta	Propósito	Comando
pdb	Debugger interactivo	`python -m pdb script.py`
breakpoint()	Debugger moderno (Python 3.7+)	`breakpoint()`
pytest --capture	Debug de tests	`pytest -s`
ipdb	Mejor debugger	`pip install ipdb; python -m ipdb script.py`
snoop	Decorator para debug	`pip install snoop`
Pyright	Type checking	`pyright script.py`

# Python: Ejemplo de debugging
import pdb

def get_user(user_id):
    breakpoint()  # Entra en modo debug
    user = db.query(user_id)
    pdb.set_trace()  # Alternativa
    return user

JavaScript / TypeScript

Herramienta	Propósito	Comando
Chrome DevTools	Debug en navegador	F12 → Console/Sources
Node debugger	Debug en Node	`node --inspect script.js`
VS Code	Debugger integrado	F5
console.log	Logging básico	`console.log()`
ndb	Better Node debug	`npx ndb script.js`

// JavaScript: Debugging
console.log('Debug:', variable);  // Basic
debugger; // Breakpoint en DevTools

Go

Herramienta	Propósito	Comando
Delve	Debugger oficial	`dlv debug ./package`
go test -v	Verbose testing	`go test -v`
log	Logging	`import "log"`
fmt.Printf	Print debugging	`fmt.Printf("%+v", value)`

// Go: Debugging
import (
    "fmt"
    "log"
)

func main() {
    // Printf con formato
    fmt.Printf("User: %+v\n", user)
    
    // Logging
    log.Printf("Processing user: %d", userID)
}

Rust

Herramienta	Propósito	Comando
rust-gdb/rust-lldb	Debugger	`cargo debug` → GDB/LLDB
rust-analyzer	IDE integration	VS Code + rust-analyzer
RUST_BACKTRACE	Stack traces	`RUST_BACKTRACE=1 cargo run`
println! debug	Print debugging	`println!("{:?}", value)`

// Rust: Debugging
println!("Debug: {:?}", value);  // Debug trait
eprintln!("Error: {}", error);   // Error output

// Con Backtrace
RUST_BACKTRACE=1 cargo run

Java

Herramienta	Propósito	Comando
jdb	Debugger命令行	`jdb -classpath . MyClass`
jConsole	JMX monitoring	`jconsole`
VisualVM	Profiling	`jvisualvm`
IntelliJ/Eclipse	IDE debug	F5/F6

C# / .NET

Herramienta	Propósito	Comando
dotnet-sos	Debugging tools	`dotnet tool install -g dotnet-sos`
VS	Visual Studio debugger	F5
VS Code	C# debugger	F5
Rider	JetBrains debugger	F7

Ruby

Herramienta	Propósito	Comando
byebug	Debugger	`require 'byebug'; byebug`
pry	REPL debugger	`binding.pry`
IRB	Interactive Ruby	`irb`

# Ruby: Debugging
require 'byebug'
byebug

# or
binding.pry

PHP

Herramienta	Propósito	Comando
Xdebug	Debugger	`xdebug` extension
phpdbg	Debugger CLI	`phpdbg`
var_dump	Dump variables	`var_dump($var)`

📋 4-Phase Debugging Process

Phase 1: Reproduce

Before fixing, reliably reproduce the issue.

## Reproduction Steps
1. [Exact step to reproduce]
2. [Next step]
3. [Expected vs actual result]

## Reproduction Rate
- [ ] Always (100%)
- [ ] Often (50-90%)
- [ ] Sometimes (10-50%)
- [ ] Rare (<10%)

Language-specific commands:

# Python: Reproduce with error
python script.py 2>&1

# Go: Reproduce with stack trace
RACE_DETECTION_ENABLED=1 go run -race main.go

# Rust: Reproduce with backtrace
RUST_BACKTRACE=full cargo run

Phase 2: Isolate

Narrow down the source.

## Isolation Questions
- When did this start happening?
- What changed recently?
- Does it happen in all environments?
- Can we reproduce with minimal code?
- What's the smallest change that triggers it?

Techniques by language:

# Python: Reduce to minimal case
def test_minimal():
    # Isolate the failing path
    pass

// Go: Isolate with isolated unit test
func Test_isolated(t *testing.T) {
    // Test only the failing function
}

Phase 3: Understand

Find the root cause, not just symptoms.

## Root Cause Analysis
### The 5 Whys
1. Why: [First observation]
2. Why: [Deeper reason]
3. Why: [Still deeper]
4. Why: [Getting closer]
5. Why: [Root cause]

Phase 4: Fix & Verify

Fix and verify it's truly fixed.

## Fix Verification
- [ ] Bug no longer reproduces
- [ ] Related functionality still works
- [ ] No new issues introduced
- [ ] Test added to prevent regression

🛠️ Debugging Checklist

## Before Starting
- [ ] Can reproduce consistently?
- [ ] Have minimal reproduction case?
- [ ] Understand expected behavior?
- [ ] Know what language/runtime?

## During Investigation (Language-adapted)
- [ ] Check recent changes (git log)
- [ ] Check logs for errors
- [ ] Add logging/debug statements
- [ ] Use language-appropriate debugger

## After Fix
- [ ] Root cause documented?
- [ ] Fix verified?
- [ ] Regression test added?
- [ ] Similar code checked?

🔧 Common Debugging Commands (Multi-Language)

Recent Changes

# All languages
git log --oneline -20
git diff HEAD~5

Search for Errors

# Python
grep -r "Error" --include="*.py" .

# TypeScript
grep -r "throw new Error" --include="*.ts" .

# Go
grep -r "error" --include="*.go" .

Check Logs

# System
pm2 logs app-name --err --lines 100      # Node.js
journalctl -u service -n 50               # Linux systemd
docker logs container-name --tail 50      # Docker

🚫 Anti-Patterns (Language-Agnostic)

❌ Random changes - "Maybe if I change this..." ❌ Ignoring evidence - "That can't be the cause" ❌ Assuming - "It must be X" without proof ❌ Not reproducing first - Fixing blindly ❌ Stopping at symptoms - Not finding root cause

📋 Error Patterns by Language

Language	Common Errors
Python	TypeError, NameError, ImportError
JavaScript	TypeError, undefined is not a function
Go	nil pointer dereference, race conditions
Rust	borrow checker errors, Option/Result
Java	NullPointerException, ClassNotFoundException
C#	NullReferenceException, StackOverflowException
Ruby	NoMethodError, TypeError
PHP	Undefined index, Call to undefined function

🧪 Quick Debug Commands by Language

# Python - Verbose error trace
python -v script.py

# Node.js - Debug mode
NODE_DEBUG=模块 node script.js

# Go - Race detector
go run -race main.go

# Rust - Full backtrace
RUST_BACKTRACE=full cargo test

# Ruby - Debug mode
ruby -d script.rb

# PHP - Xdebug
php -d xdebug.mode=debug script.php

Remember: The debugging methodology is the same for all languages. Only the tools and commands differ. Adapt accordingly.

systematic-debugging

Systematic Debugging - Multi-Language

🔍 Auto-Detección de Lenguaje