Flutter

Widget Tree Composition

Everything is a widget. UIs are built by composing small widgets into trees. StatelessWidget for fixed UI, StatefulWidget for mutable state.

State Management

• Riverpod — compile-safe, testable provider system
• Bloc — event-driven state machine pattern
• Provider, GetX, and Redux alternatives available

Material and Cupertino

Built-in design systems. MaterialApp for Android-style widgets, CupertinoApp for iOS-style. Mix within the same app using platform detection.

Navigator 2.0

Declarative routing with Router and RouteInformationParser. Libraries like go_router simplify deep linking, nested navigation, and redirect guards.

Animations

AnimationController, Tween, and CurvedAnimation for fine-grained control. Higher-level APIs include AnimatedContainer, Hero, and AnimatedBuilder.