go-lang

go-lang

Core Concepts

• Goroutines: lightweight threads (go keyword), multiplexed onto OS threads by the runtime scheduler
• Channels: typed conduits for goroutine communication, support buffered/unbuffered and select for multiplexing
• Interfaces: implicit satisfaction, define behavior contracts with zero dependencies between types
• Structs + Methods: value receiver vs pointer receiver, composition over inheritance via embedding

Error Handling

• errors.Is/As: error chain inspection, Is checks sentinel values, As unwraps to target type
• No exceptions: functions return error as last value, caller handles explicitly
• defer/panic/recover: cleanup resources, panic for programmer errors, recover in goroutines only

Modules & Tooling

• go mod: dependency management, semantic import versioning, module cache, checksum database
• go fmt/vet: standardized formatting and static analysis
• go build/install: fast compilation, cross-compilation with GOOS/GOARCH