Type-safe React 18–19 patterns with compile-time guarantees for components, hooks, events, and routing.

• Covers React 19 breaking changes: ref as prop (no forwardRef), useActionState for forms, use() for promise unwrapping, and Server Components with async data fetching
• Specific event typing (MouseEvent, ChangeEvent, KeyboardEvent, etc.) and discriminated unions for variant props eliminate runtime surprises
• Generic component patterns with constrained types for reusable Tables, Lists, Modals, and Forms that infer types from props
• Type-safe routing integration for both TanStack Router (Zod validation, compile-time route safety) and React Router v7 (automatic type generation from loaders)
• Custom hook typing with as const tuple returns, useRef null guards, useReducer discriminated actions, and useContext error boundaries