Cavitation Analysis for Centrifugal Pumps

Overview

Cavitation is one of the most critical phenomena affecting pump performance, reliability, and longevity. It occurs when the local static pressure in the pump falls below the vapor pressure of the liquid, causing vapor bubbles to form. When these bubbles move to regions of higher pressure, they collapse violently, producing shock waves that can cause severe damage to pump components.

Cavitation Physics

Formation Process:

1. Liquid enters pump impeller eye (lowest pressure point)
2. If pressure drops below vapor pressure (Pvap), liquid vaporizes
3. Vapor bubbles form and grow in low-pressure regions
4. Bubbles are swept into higher pressure regions
5. Bubbles collapse (implode) with tremendous force
6. Repeated implosions cause material erosion and fatigue