Python Pro

Advanced Python patterns for production code.

Type Hints (3.12+)

from typing import TypeVar, Protocol, overload
from collections.abc import Callable, Sequence

# Generic function
T = TypeVar('T')
def first(items: Sequence[T]) -> T | None:
    return items[0] if items else None

# Protocol (structural typing)
class Serializable(Protocol):
    def to_dict(self) -> dict: ...