introduction-writing-guide
Introduction Writing Guide
Write compelling research paper introductions using the CARS (Create A Research Space) model with structured approaches for establishing context, identifying gaps, and motivating your study.
The CARS Model
John Swales' Create A Research Space (CARS) model is the most widely used framework for structuring academic introductions. It consists of three rhetorical "moves":
| Move | Purpose | Typical Length |
|---|---|---|
| Move 1: Establishing a territory | Show the research area is important and active | 2-4 paragraphs |
| Move 2: Establishing a niche | Identify a gap, question, or problem | 1-2 paragraphs |
| Move 3: Occupying the niche | State what your paper does to address the gap | 1-2 paragraphs |
Move 1: Establishing a Territory
Strategy 1A: Claiming Centrality
Signal that the topic is important, interesting, or well-established:
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