Literature Verifier

Verify authenticity and detect hallucinations in literature references of any type and any language: journal articles, books, web articles, conference papers, preprints, newspaper/magazine articles, dissertations, government documents, and more. Full support for both English and Chinese (中文) literature verification.

Verification Workflow

1. Detect language: Determine if the reference is Chinese or English (or mixed)
2. Parse the reference to extract structured fields (title, authors, year, journal/venue, DOI, URL, ISBN)
3. Verify existence using appropriate sources:
   • English: DOI → CrossRef; URL → HTTP check; title → CrossRef search
   • Chinese: title → CNKI via Chrome CDP (primary), WebSearch (fallback); DOI → CrossRef (if available)
4. Cross-check metadata between claimed and actual values
5. Assess confidence and report findings
6. Verify claims if the user asks about specific content attributed to the source

Verification by Identifier Type

Has DOI