Version Compatibility

Reference examples tested with: qqman 0.1.9 (R), CMplot 4.5+ (R), matplotlib 3.8+, pandas 2.2+, scipy 1.12+, plinkQC 0.3+. For locuszoom-style: locuszoomr 0.3+ (R) or pyranges + matplotlib.

Before using code patterns, verify installed versions match. If versions differ:

• Python: pip show <package> then help(module.function) to check signatures
• R: packageVersion('<pkg>') then ?function_name to verify parameters

If code throws ImportError, AttributeError, or TypeError, introspect the installed package and adapt the example to match the actual API rather than retrying.

Manhattan, QQ, and Locuszoom Plots

"Plot my GWAS results" -> Render per-variant -log10(p) across the genome (Manhattan), compare expected vs observed p quantiles (QQ + λGC), overlay two traits with mirrored axes (Miami), and zoom into a locus with LD-colored points + recombination rate + gene track (locuszoom). The choices that matter: significance thresholds, axis truncation for ultra-significant peaks, lead-SNP labeling, and LD reference selection for regional plots.

• R: qqman::manhattan / qqman::qq (Turner 2018), CMplot::CMplot, locuszoomr::locus_plot
• Python: matplotlib + pandas for custom; assocplots for ready-made

The Single Most Important Modern Insight -- The Threshold Is Always Conditional