Version Compatibility

Reference examples tested with: ggpubr 0.6+, ggsignif 0.6+, rstatix 0.7+, statannotations 0.6+ (Python), seaborn 0.13+.

Before using code patterns, verify installed versions match. If versions differ:

• R: packageVersion('<pkg>') then ?function_name
• Python: pip show <package> then help(module.function) to check signatures

If code throws ImportError, AttributeError, or TypeError, introspect the installed package and adapt the example to match the actual API rather than retrying.

Statistical Annotation

"Add p-values to my plot" -> Render pairwise group comparisons as brackets with the correct statistical test (parametric vs non-parametric, paired vs unpaired, independent vs nested), adjusted for multiple testing, with rendering of significance as either numerical p OR asterisks. The choices that matter: which test is appropriate for the data, what multiple-testing adjustment applies, and whether to show n.s. (non-significant) results.

• R: ggpubr::stat_compare_means, ggsignif::geom_signif, rstatix::t_test/wilcox_test
• Python: statannotations.Annotator, scipy.stats directly

The Single Most Important Modern Insight -- The Test Must Match the Data