Version Compatibility

Reference examples tested with: R stats (base), statsmodels 0.14+

Before using code patterns, verify installed versions match. If versions differ:

• Python: pip show <package> then help(module.function) to check signatures
• R: packageVersion('<pkg>') then ?function_name to verify parameters

If code throws ImportError, AttributeError, or TypeError, introspect the installed package and adapt the example to match the actual API rather than retrying.

Multiple Testing Correction

"Correct p-values for multiple testing" → Adjust raw p-values from thousands of simultaneous tests to control false discovery rate or family-wise error rate.

• R: p.adjust(pvalues, method = 'BH'), qvalue::qvalue()
• Python: statsmodels.stats.multitest.multipletests()

The Problem